Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Arsenic trioxide-based nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy by activating pyroptosis

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2025.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunomodulatory effects of AsMn/Dz@BSA-FA. Analysis of the proportion of (A) CD11c + CD86 + cells, (B) CD3 + CD4 + cells, and (C) CD3 + CD8 + cells in tumor tissues of each group of mice using flow cytometry. (D) Immunofluorescence detection of changes in CD86, CD11c, CD8, and CD4 in tumor tissue after treatment with different formulations, Scale bar: 100 μm. (E) Expression levels of CD86, CD8, and CD4 in tumor tissue after treatment with different formulations. Changes in (F) TNF- α and (G)IL-6 levels in tumor tissue after treatment with different formulations. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 5). ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: APC Anti-Mouse CD11c Antibody, PE Anti-Mouse CD86 Antibody, FITC Anti-Mouse CD3 Antibody, APC Anti-Mouse CD4 Antibody, PE Anti-Mouse CD8a Antibody and Purified Anti-Mouse CD16/32 Antibody were from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: CytoJournal

Article Title: The mechanism of prostaglandin E2 upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression promoting immune escape in non-small cell lung cancer

doi: 10.25259/Cytojournal_129_2025

Figure Lengend Snippet: PGE2 upregulates PD-L1 expression in NSCLC and promotes immune escape response. (a-c) PD-L1 expression detected after PTGES overexpression (OE-PTGES) and knockdown (sh-PTGES), compared with respective negative controls (OE-NC or sh-NC). (d and e) Cytotoxicity tested by LDH kit assay after PTGES overexpression (OE-PTGES) and knockdown (sh-PTGES), compared with respective negative controls (OE-NC or sh-NC). (f and g) CD8 + T cell viability tested after PTGES overexpression (OE-PTGES) and knockdown (sh-PTGES), compared with respective negative controls (OE-NC or sh-NC). (h and i) CD8 + T cell apoptosis examined after PTGES overexpression (OE-PTGES) and knockdown (sh-PTGES), compared with respective negative controls (OE-NC or sh-NC). (j-m) IFN-γ, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin quantification by ELISA after PTGES overexpression (OE-PTGES) and knockdown (sh-PTGES), compared with respective negative controls (OE-NC or sh-NC). n = 6; ✶ P < 0.05, ✶ ✶ P < 0.01, ✶ ✶ ✶ P < 0.001. PEG2: Prostaglandin E2, PD-L1: Programmed death ligand 1, NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer, PTGES: Prostaglandin E synthase, OE-NC: Overexpression negative control, sh-NC: Short hairpin negative control, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, OE-PTGES: Overexpression prostaglandin E synthase, sh-PTGES: Short hairpin prostaglandin E synthase, IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Article Snippet: First, a single-cell suspension was prepared and incubated with CD3 (E-AB-F1013E, Elabscience, Wuhan, China) and CD8 (E-AB-F1104Q, Elabscience, Wuhan, China) antibodies in the dark.

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression, Knockdown, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Negative Control

Journal: CytoJournal

Article Title: The mechanism of prostaglandin E2 upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression promoting immune escape in non-small cell lung cancer

doi: 10.25259/Cytojournal_129_2025

Figure Lengend Snippet: PGE2 promotes immune escape in NSCLC in vivo by upregulating PD-L1 expression. (a) Isolated tumor images after PTGES overexpression and knockout. (b and c) Changes in tumor weight and volume after PTGES overexpression and knockout (significant difference markers marked with ✶ represent OE-NC versus OE-PTGES, and those marked with # represent sh-NC vs. sh-PTGES). (d-f) WB analysis of PTGES and PD-L1 after PTGES overexpression and knockout in vivo . (g and h) IHC analysis of CD8 after PTGES overexpression and knockout in vivo (scale bar: 20 μm, magnification, 400×). (i-l) IFN-γ, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin quantification by ELISA after PTGES overexpression and knockout in vivo . n = 5; ✶ P < 0.05, ✶ ✶ P < 0.01, ✶ ✶ ✶ P < 0.001, ## P < 0.01. OE-NC: Overexpression negative control, sh-NC: Short hairpin negative control. PEG2: Prostaglandin E2, PD-L1: Programmed death ligand 1, NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer, PTGES: Prostaglandin E synthase, OE-NC: Overexpression negative control, sh-NC: Short hairpin negative control, OE-PTGES: Overexpression prostaglandin E synthase, sh-PTGES: Short hairpin prostaglandin E synthase, IHC: Immunohistochemistry, IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Article Snippet: First, a single-cell suspension was prepared and incubated with CD3 (E-AB-F1013E, Elabscience, Wuhan, China) and CD8 (E-AB-F1104Q, Elabscience, Wuhan, China) antibodies in the dark.

Techniques: In Vivo, Expressing, Isolation, Over Expression, Knock-Out, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Negative Control, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: A novel nanoparticle vaccine, based on S1-CTD, elicits robust protective immune responses against porcine deltacoronavirus

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00674-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: CTDnps vaccine elicited robust antibody and T cell responses in mice. ( A ) Schematic diagram of the mice immunization procedure. Five mice per group received prime/boost vaccination with various vaccines at Weeks 0 and 4. Serum samples were collected every 2 weeks. ( B ) Titers of antigen-specific IgG antibodies were measured in serum samples by iELISA. ( C ) Titers of NAbs were measured in serum samples from mice at Week 8 by VNT. ( D ) Titers of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a for each immunization group. Serum samples from mice at Week 8 were tested. IL-4 ( E ) and IFN-γ ( F ) concentrations were measured by double-antibody sandwich ELISA. ( G, H ) The percentage of CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes among spleen lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. ( I ) The percentage of CD4 + α4β7 + T lymphocytes among spleen lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. ( J, K ) The percentage of CD4 + and CD8 + Tcm among spleen lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. Data are mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate significant differences (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; and ns, P > 0.05).

Article Snippet: At week 8, spleen lymphocytes of mice were isolated, cell concentration was adjusted to 1 × 10 7 cells/mL, and 10 μL of FITC anti-mouse CD3 antibody, 10 μL of Violet 450 anti-mouse CD4 antibody, and 10 μL of PerCP/Cyanine5.5 anti-mouse CD8a antibody (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) were added to 200 μL of splenocytes for analysis of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells.

Techniques: Vaccines, Sandwich ELISA, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Targeting ENO1 reprograms macrophage polarization to trigger antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A A total of 2.5 × 10 5 CT26 cells were subcutaneously injected into the left legs of BALB/c mice for 4 days and then intraperitoneally administered anti-ENO1 antibodies (HuL001, 20 mg/kg) five times at three-day intervals. Local radiotherapy was given on Day 10. The tumor volume was recorded every three days. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. Two-Way ANOVA test ( n = 4). B The resected tumors were weighed on Day 30. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). C The densities of M1 (CD80 + ) and M2 (CD206 + ) macrophages in resected tumors were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. D The quantification of M1 (CD80 + ) and M2 (CD206 + ) macrophages in resected tumors. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). E The mRNA levels of Cd86 and Cd163 in resected tumors were analyzed by qRT‒PCR ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). F The frequencies of M1 (CD11c + CD11b + F4/80 + CD45 + 7AAD - CD3 - CD19 - ) and M2 (CD206 + CD11b + F4/80 + CD45 + 7AAD - CD3 - CD19 - ) tumor-infiltrating macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry ( n = 3-4). * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001. One-Way ANOVA test. G The quantification of the M1/M2 ratio is shown ( n = 3). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). H The frequencies of CD4 (CD4 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) and CD8 (CD8 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) tumor-infiltrating T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry ( n = 3-4). * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test. I The quantification of CD8 + TILs is shown. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). J The frequency of regulatory CD4 T cells (CD25 + CD127 - CD4 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) was analyzed by flow cytometry ( n = 3-4). K The quantification of the CD8/Treg ratio is shown. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). L The densities of dendritic cells (CD11c + ) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + ) in resected tumors were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The density of CD11c + DCs is shown. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). M The density of CD8 + TILs is shown. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: The cells were stained with different antibodies against combinations of surface markers: (1) CD4 and CD8 T cells: ViaDyeRed, CD45-BV785 (E-AB-F1136UD, Elabscience, Texas, USA), CD3-PE-Fir700, CD4-PE/Cy7, CD8a-BV570 (E-AB-F1104UF, Elabscience, Texas, USA), CD127-BV711, CD25, IFNγ-PE and GzmB-AF647; (2) Tumor-associated macrophages: ViaDyeRed, CD3-PE-Fir700, CD19-PE-Fir700, CD45-BV785, CD11b-BV421, F4/80-PE, CD11c-AF488, CD206-APC.

Techniques: Injection, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Targeting ENO1 reprograms macrophage polarization to trigger antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A A total of 5 × 10 5 CT26 cells were subcutaneously injected into the left legs of BALB/c mice for 5 days and then intraperitoneally administered with anti-ENO1 antibodies (HuL001, 40 mg/kg) or clodronate liposomes (50 μL/mouse) on the indicated days ( n = 5). Local radiotherapy was given on Day 10. The tumor volume was recorded every three days. * p < 0.05. Two-Way ANOVA test ( n = 4). B The densities of M1 (CD80 + ) and M2 (CD206 + ) macrophages in resected tumors were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The quantification of M1 (CD80 + ) and M2 (CD206 + ) macrophages in resected tumors. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). C 4T1 cells (5 ×10 4 ) were subcutaneously injected into the left legs of BALB/c mice for 4 days and then intraperitoneally administered anti-ENO1 antibodies (HuL001, 20 mg/kg) six times on the indicated days ( n = 5). Local radiotherapy was given on Days 10 and 12. The tumor volume was recorded every three days. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001. Two-Way ANOVA test ( n = 4). D The resected tumors were weighed on Day 40. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 4). E The densities of M1 (CD80 + ) and M2 (CD206 + ) macrophages in resected tumors were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. F The quantification of M1 (CD80 + ) and M2 (CD206 + ) macrophages in resected tumors. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). G The frequencies of M1 (CD11c + CD11b + F4/80 + CD45 + 7AAD - CD3 - CD19 - ) and M2 (CD1206 + CD11b + F4/80 + CD45 + 7AAD - CD3 - CD19 - ) tumor-infiltrating macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3-4). H The quantification of the M1/M2 ratio is shown. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3). I A representative image of flow cytometric analysis of GzmB + (GzmB hi CD8 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) T cells. J The frequency of GzmB + (GzmB hi CD8 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3-4). K The density of GzmB + (GzmB hi CD8 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) T cells is shown. * p < 0.05. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3-4). L The density of IFNγ + (IFNγ hi CD8 + CD3 + CD45 + 7AAD - ) T cells is shown ( n = 3-4). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. One-Way ANOVA test ( n = 3-4). M The proposed mechanism of TGFβ1/TGFβR/Smad3/PRMT5-mediated ENO1 translocation for lactate release via MCT4.

Article Snippet: The cells were stained with different antibodies against combinations of surface markers: (1) CD4 and CD8 T cells: ViaDyeRed, CD45-BV785 (E-AB-F1136UD, Elabscience, Texas, USA), CD3-PE-Fir700, CD4-PE/Cy7, CD8a-BV570 (E-AB-F1104UF, Elabscience, Texas, USA), CD127-BV711, CD25, IFNγ-PE and GzmB-AF647; (2) Tumor-associated macrophages: ViaDyeRed, CD3-PE-Fir700, CD19-PE-Fir700, CD45-BV785, CD11b-BV421, F4/80-PE, CD11c-AF488, CD206-APC.

Techniques: Injection, Liposomes, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Translocation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Analysis and prediction of immune cell infiltration characteristics in COPD: Folium isatidis and its active ingredients are able to combat lung lesions caused by COPD by correcting immune cell infiltration

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1584411

Figure Lengend Snippet: IDR and FI modulated changes in immune cell infiltration caused by COPD. Flow cytometric analysis of (A) CD4 + T lymphocytes, (B) CD8 + T lymphocytes, (C) Treg cells, (D) MDSCs, (E) B lymphocytes, (F) NK cells, and (G) Eos. Proportion of (H) CD4 + T lymphocytes, (I) CD8 + T lymphocytes. (J) CD4/CD8 index. Proportion of (K) Treg cells, (L) MDSCs, (M) B lymphocytes, (N) NK cells, and (O) Eos. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, ### p < 0.001 vs. CON group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. MOD group ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: The Anti-Mouse antibodies CD3-APC (E-AB-F1013E), CD4-FITC (E-AB-F1097C), CD8a-PC5.5 (E-AB-F1104I), CD25-PE (E-AB-F1102D), Foxp3-APC (E-AB-F1238E), CD11b-FITC (E-AB-F1081C), Ly-6G/Ly-6C-APC (E-AB-F1120E), CD19-PE (E-AB-F0986D), NK1.1-PE (E-AB-F0987D) and F4/80-APC (E-AB-F0995E) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: